Phương pháp & Kỹ năng IT 9626
Kỹ thuật học hiệu quả & đạt điểm cao cho Cambridge AS & A Level IT 9626 · 450 phương pháp
Phương pháp học tập
172Tư duy theo mô hình Input → Process → Output
CRISP-DM Data Mining — 6 Stages with Bank Fraud Example
📚 IT in Society📊 CRISP-DM — 6 Stages
- Business Understanding — Define problem, success metrics, legal constraints with the client
- Data Understanding — Collect historical data; explore variables, quality issues, patterns
- Data Preparation — Clean (remove duplicates, handle missing values); normalise; engineer features (e.g. transaction velocity, distance from home); create balanced training/test sets (SMOTE if class imbalance)
- Modelling — Train ML algorithms (decision trees, random forests, neural networks); tune hyperparameters
- Evaluation — Test on unseen data: accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, ROC-AUC; assess false positive rate
- Deployment — Integrate into live system; monitor; schedule regular retraining as fraud patterns evolve
⚠️ Bank fraud tip: Fraud events are RARE (class imbalance) — mention oversampling (SMOTE) in Data Preparation for high-mark answers. False positives (blocking legitimate transactions) erode customer trust — precision matters as much as recall.
Task 2 Mail Merge — Step by Step in LibreOffice
📚 Mail Merge📮 Mail Merge — Paper 4 Task Technique (W23, W24, W25)
The 4-step process:
- Create the database — Open LibreOffice Base → new database → create table in Design View → add fields with correct data types → enter data from ODS spreadsheet → save table as "Accounts" → save database as F2uF_Accounts_ZZ999_9999
- Open the RTF template — Open F2uF.rtf in LibreOffice Writer → Tools → Mail Merge Wizard → connect to your F2uF_Accounts database
- Insert merge fields — Insert → Field → More Fields → Database tab → select database fields for name, address etc. For conditional text (Paid/Unpaid): Insert → Field → More Fields → Functions tab → "If" → enter condition (Mar_Paid EQ 0) → Then text (unpaid message) → Else text (paid message)
- Run filtered merges:
- MarchLetters: filter Mar_Paid = FALSE → 5 letters → save as MarchLetters_ZZ999_9999.odt
- April300Letters: filter April_Owed > 300 → 4 letters → save as April300Letters_ZZ999_9999.odt
⚠️ Critical facts for W23 mail merge:
- 5 customers with unpaid March bills: BHar (£63.04), EBla (£132.34), GWoo (£54.94), RCoo (£27.45), TWin (£56.74)
- 4 customers with April bill > £300: ECha (£336.15), FWal (£300.05), NBar (£427.20), SBuc (£355.95)
Task 4 JavaScript — DOM, Functions, Events (complete guide)
📚 Programming for the Web💻 JavaScript — Paper 4 Task 4 Complete Reference
Structure of a Paper 4 HTML/JS file:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
function calculate() {
var val = document.getElementById("inputField").value;
document.getElementById("result").innerHTML = val * 2;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" id="inputField">
<button onclick="calculate()">Calculate</button>
<p id="result"></p>
</body>
</html>
Key DOM methods (Paper 4 tested):
| Method/Property | What it does | Example |
|---|---|---|
| getElementById(id) | Returns reference to HTML element with matching id | document.getElementById("box") |
| .innerHTML | Gets/sets the HTML content inside an element | el.innerHTML = "Hello" |
| .value | Gets/sets the value of an input element | document.getElementById("inp").value |
| .style.visibility | Hides element but keeps its space (hidden/visible) | el.style.visibility = "hidden" |
| .style.display | Removes element from layout (none/block) | el.style.display = "none" |
| .style.color | Changes text colour | el.style.color = "red" |
| .style.backgroundColor | Changes background colour | el.style.backgroundColor = "blue" |
Math functions used in Paper 4 tasks:
Math.tan(angle)— tangent (angle must be in RADIANS)angle * Math.PI / 180— converts degrees to radiansMath.floor(x)— rounds DOWN to nearest integerMath.random()— random decimal 0 to 0.999...Math.round(x)— rounds to nearest integerparseFloat(x)— converts string to decimal numberparseInt(x)— converts string to integer
Mnemonic học thuộc: Data vs Information
📚 Data Processing and InformationCornell Notes: Quality of Information (RACL+C)
📚 Data Processing and InformationKỹ thuật Feynman: Symmetric Encryption
📚 Data Processing and InformationKết nối với thực tế: Validation checks
📚 Data Processing and InformationTeach Back (dạy lại): Verification checks
📚 Data Processing and InformationActive Recall: Direct vs indirect data sources
📚 Data Processing and InformationPeer Teaching: Check digit
📚 Data Processing and InformationVí dụ cụ thể: Checksum and hash total
📚 Data Processing and InformationMnemonic học thuộc: Mainframe computers
📚 Hardware and SoftwareCornell Notes: Supercomputers MIPS/FLOPS/RAS
📚 Hardware and SoftwareKỹ thuật Feynman: Compiler stages
📚 Hardware and SoftwareKết nối với thực tế: Device drivers
📚 Hardware and SoftwareTeach Back (dạy lại): Operating system functions
📚 Hardware and SoftwareActive Recall: Data compression utility
📚 Hardware and SoftwarePeer Teaching: File management utilities
📚 Hardware and SoftwareVí dụ cụ thể: GUI interface
📚 Hardware and SoftwareMnemonic học thuộc: Sensor types overview
📚 Monitoring and ControlCornell Notes: Light and UV sensors
📚 Monitoring and ControlKỹ thuật Feynman: Temperature sensors
📚 Monitoring and ControlKết nối với thực tế: Sound and infrared sensors
📚 Monitoring and ControlTeach Back (dạy lại): One-point calibration
📚 Monitoring and ControlActive Recall: Rotary actuators
📚 Monitoring and ControlPeer Teaching: Hydraulic and pneumatic actuators
📚 Monitoring and ControlVí dụ cụ thể: Feedback loop in control systems
📚 Monitoring and ControlMnemonic học thuộc: Cambridge pseudocode syntax
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsCornell Notes: Variables and constants
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsKỹ thuật Feynman: INTEGER and REAL types
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsKết nối với thực tế: Sequence structure
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsTeach Back (dạy lại): IF-THEN-ELSE selection
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsActive Recall: REPEAT-UNTIL loop
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsPeer Teaching: Procedure definition
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsVí dụ cụ thể: Input/output symbols
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsMnemonic học thuộc: Phishing attacks
📚 eSecurityCornell Notes: Smishing and vishing
📚 eSecurityKỹ thuật Feynman: Pharming attacks
📚 eSecurityKết nối với thực tế: Worm malware
📚 eSecurityTeach Back (dạy lại): Spyware and adware
📚 eSecurityActive Recall: Password policies
📚 eSecurityPeer Teaching: Two-factor authentication
📚 eSecurityVí dụ cụ thể: User access levels
📚 eSecurityMnemonic học thuộc: Definition of digital divide
📚 The Digital DivideCornell Notes: Economic causes of divide
📚 The Digital DivideKỹ thuật Feynman: Geographic causes
📚 The Digital DivideKết nối với thực tế: Social exclusion effects
📚 The Digital DivideTeach Back (dạy lại): Economic inequality effects
📚 The Digital DivideActive Recall: Subsidised device programmes
📚 The Digital DividePeer Teaching: Government policy solutions
📚 The Digital DivideVí dụ cụ thể: Rural vs urban connectivity
📚 The Digital DivideMnemonic học thuộc: Expert system definition
📚 Expert SystemsCornell Notes: User interface component
📚 Expert SystemsKỹ thuật Feynman: Inference engine component
📚 Expert SystemsKết nối với thực tế: Knowledge base editor
📚 Expert SystemsTeach Back (dạy lại): Forward chaining reasoning
📚 Expert SystemsActive Recall: Medical diagnosis applications
📚 Expert SystemsPeer Teaching: Fault diagnosis applications
📚 Expert SystemsVí dụ cụ thể: Building a knowledge base
📚 Expert SystemsMnemonic học thuộc: SUM and AVERAGE functions
📚 SpreadsheetsCornell Notes: IF and IFS functions
📚 SpreadsheetsKỹ thuật Feynman: VLOOKUP function
📚 SpreadsheetsKết nối với thực tế: Relative cell referencing
📚 SpreadsheetsTeach Back (dạy lại): Absolute cell referencing
📚 SpreadsheetsActive Recall: Extreme/boundary test data
📚 SpreadsheetsPeer Teaching: Abnormal/erroneous test data
📚 SpreadsheetsVí dụ cụ thể: Conditional formatting
📚 SpreadsheetsMnemonic học thuộc: Models vs simulations
📚 ModellingCornell Notes: Purpose of modelling
📚 ModellingKỹ thuật Feynman: What-if analysis
📚 ModellingKết nối với thực tế: Constants in models
📚 ModellingTeach Back (dạy lại): Financial forecasting models
📚 ModellingActive Recall: Advantages of computer simulation
📚 ModellingPeer Teaching: Disadvantages/limitations of models
📚 ModellingVí dụ cụ thể: Healthcare simulation
📚 ModellingMnemonic học thuộc: Primary key
📚 Database and File ConceptsCornell Notes: Foreign key
📚 Database and File ConceptsKỹ thuật Feynman: Compound and composite keys
📚 Database and File ConceptsKết nối với thực tế: 1NF to 2NF normalisation
📚 Database and File ConceptsTeach Back (dạy lại): 2NF to 3NF normalisation
📚 Database and File ConceptsActive Recall: RDBMS features
📚 Database and File ConceptsPeer Teaching: MIS definition and purpose
📚 Database and File ConceptsVí dụ cụ thể: SQL SELECT queries
📚 Database and File ConceptsMnemonic học thuộc: Video file formats MP4/AVI/MOV/WMV
📚 Video and Audio EditingCornell Notes: Frame rate and resolution
📚 Video and Audio EditingKỹ thuật Feynman: Aspect ratio
📚 Video and Audio EditingKết nối với thực tế: Lossless compression for video
📚 Video and Audio EditingTeach Back (dạy lại): Video editing timeline
📚 Video and Audio EditingActive Recall: MP3 audio format
📚 Video and Audio EditingPeer Teaching: WAV audio format
📚 Video and Audio EditingVí dụ cụ thể: Video rendering process
📚 Video and Audio EditingMnemonic học thuộc: Electronic payment systems
📚 IT in SocietyCornell Notes: Cryptocurrency overview
📚 IT in SocietyKỹ thuật Feynman: Bitcoin and blockchain
📚 IT in SocietyKết nối với thực tế: CRISP-DM stage 1 Business Understanding
📚 IT in SocietyTeach Back (dạy lại): CRISP-DM stage 2 Data Understanding
📚 IT in SocietyActive Recall: CRISP-DM stage 6 Deployment
📚 IT in SocietyPeer Teaching: Social networking impacts
📚 IT in SocietyVí dụ cụ thể: Data mining techniques
📚 IT in SocietyMnemonic học thuộc: Artificial Intelligence definition
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesCornell Notes: Machine learning vs AI
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesKỹ thuật Feynman: Augmented Reality AR
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesKết nối với thực tế: 3D printing technology
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesTeach Back (dạy lại): Internet of Things IoT
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesActive Recall: Molecular data storage
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesPeer Teaching: Autonomous vehicles
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesVí dụ cụ thể: Natural Language Processing
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesMnemonic học thuộc: LAN and WAN types
📚 Communications TechnologyCornell Notes: Network Interface Card NIC
📚 Communications TechnologyKỹ thuật Feynman: Hub vs switch
📚 Communications TechnologyKết nối với thực tế: TCP/IP protocol suite
📚 Communications TechnologyTeach Back (dạy lại): UDP protocol
📚 Communications TechnologyActive Recall: DHCP and DNS protocols
📚 Communications TechnologyPeer Teaching: OSI model 7 layers
📚 Communications TechnologyVí dụ cụ thể: Network security firewalls/IDS
📚 Communications TechnologyMnemonic học thuộc: Project initiation stage
📚 Project ManagementCornell Notes: Project planning stage
📚 Project ManagementKỹ thuật Feynman: Project execution stage
📚 Project ManagementKết nối với thực tế: Critical path analysis
📚 Project ManagementTeach Back (dạy lại): Float/slack calculation
📚 Project ManagementActive Recall: Risk assessment matrix
📚 Project ManagementPeer Teaching: Risk mitigation strategies
📚 Project ManagementVí dụ cụ thể: Budget management
📚 Project ManagementMnemonic học thuộc: SDLC analysis phase
📚 System Life CycleCornell Notes: SDLC design phase
📚 System Life CycleKỹ thuật Feynman: SDLC development phase
📚 System Life CycleKết nối với thực tế: SDLC maintenance phase
📚 System Life CycleTeach Back (dạy lại): Waterfall development model
📚 System Life CycleActive Recall: Direct changeover implementation
📚 System Life CyclePeer Teaching: Parallel running implementation
📚 System Life CycleVí dụ cụ thể: White-box testing
📚 System Life CycleMnemonic học thuộc: Data transformation techniques
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationCornell Notes: Data cleaning methods
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationKỹ thuật Feynman: Data consolidation
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationKết nối với thực tế: PivotTable creation
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationTeach Back (dạy lại): PivotChart creation
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationActive Recall: SUMIFS with multiple criteria
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationPeer Teaching: COUNTIFS with multiple criteria
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationVí dụ cụ thể: Dashboard design
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationMnemonic học thuộc: Mail merge master document
📚 Mail MergeCornell Notes: Mail merge data source
📚 Mail MergeKỹ thuật Feynman: Merge fields
📚 Mail MergeKết nối với thực tế: If-Then-Else field
📚 Mail MergeTeach Back (dạy lại): Skip Record If field
📚 Mail MergeActive Recall: Filtering merge data
📚 Mail MergePeer Teaching: Sorting merge data
📚 Mail MergeVí dụ cụ thể: Labels mail merge
📚 Mail MergeMnemonic học thuộc: Vector graphics definition
📚 Graphics CreationCornell Notes: Bitmap/raster graphics definition
📚 Graphics CreationKỹ thuật Feynman: SVG format
📚 Graphics CreationKết nối với thực tế: JPEG compression
📚 Graphics CreationTeach Back (dạy lại): PNG format and transparency
📚 Graphics CreationActive Recall: CMYK colour model
📚 Graphics CreationPeer Teaching: HSL colour model
📚 Graphics CreationVí dụ cụ thể: Colour depth and file size
📚 Graphics CreationMnemonic học thuộc: Animation frame concept
📚 AnimationCornell Notes: Key frame definition
📚 AnimationKỹ thuật Feynman: Tweening/in-betweening
📚 AnimationKết nối với thực tế: Timeline in animation
📚 AnimationTeach Back (dạy lại): Cel animation
📚 AnimationActive Recall: CGI Computer-Generated Imagery
📚 AnimationPeer Teaching: 2D animation
📚 AnimationVí dụ cụ thể: Animation software tools
📚 AnimationMnemonic học thuộc: JavaScript variable declaration var/let/const
📚 Programming for the WebCornell Notes: JavaScript data types
📚 Programming for the WebKỹ thuật Feynman: JavaScript functions
📚 Programming for the WebKết nối với thực tế: for loop in JavaScript
📚 Programming for the WebTeach Back (dạy lại): while loop in JavaScript
📚 Programming for the WebActive Recall: innerHTML and textContent
📚 Programming for the WebPeer Teaching: onclick event handler
📚 Programming for the WebVí dụ cụ thể: CSS style changes via JS
📚 Programming for the WebMẹo ghi nhớ
89Flashcard theo nhóm khái niệm
Memory Aid: Network Protocols and Port Numbers
Normalisation — 1NF/2NF/3NF Quick Test
Blockchain — Complete Answer Framework for Paper 3
📚 IT in Society🔗 Blockchain — All Angles Tested
Describe how blockchain stores data (4 marks):
- Transactions grouped into a block (sender, receiver, amount, timestamp)
- Each block stores the cryptographic hash of the previous block → forms the chain
- Each block has its own hash — tampering changes the hash and invalidates all later blocks
- Stored as a distributed ledger — identical copies across many nodes; consensus mechanism required to add new blocks
Drawbacks (1 mark each — must be described, not just named):
- High energy consumption — Proof of Work consensus requires enormous computational power
- Storage and scalability — entire chain must be stored by all nodes; grows indefinitely
- Transactions irreversible — errors cannot be corrected once confirmed
- GDPR conflict — right to erasure is impossible on an immutable blockchain
Smart contract (4 marks):
Self-executing program stored on blockchain → defines trigger conditions → when conditions met (via oracle) → automatically executes action without human intervention → result permanently recorded.
Colour Depth — File Size and Appearance Effects (MJ2026 Q9)
📚 Graphics Creation🎨 Colour Depth — Key Formulas and Effects
File size formula:
File size (bits) = Width × Height × Colour depth (bits per pixel)
| Colour depth | Colours available | File size (500×500px) |
|---|---|---|
| 1-bit | 2 (black & white) | 31 KB |
| 4-bit | 16 | 125 KB |
| 8-bit | 256 | 250 KB |
| 16-bit | 65,536 | 500 KB |
| 24-bit (True colour) | 16.7 million | 750 KB (uncompressed) |
Effect on appearance (Cambridge mark points):
- Reduced colour depth → colour banding / posterisation — smooth gradients show distinct bands instead of smooth transitions
- Very low depth (1-bit) → only black & white; 4-bit → cartoon-like, fine tonal detail lost
- Higher depth (24-bit) → photorealistic; human eye cannot distinguish individual colour steps
Cambridge exam tip — always state the direction:
"Doubling the colour depth (e.g. 8-bit to 16-bit) doubles the file size, assuming the same image dimensions." Always include a specific number example.
Flashcard kỹ thuật số: Asymmetric Encryption
📚 Data Processing and InformationMind map từ trí nhớ: TLS/SSL/IPsec
📚 Data Processing and InformationVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Parity check
📚 Data Processing and InformationSpaced Repetition: Master file update algorithm
📚 Data Processing and InformationFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Interpreter execution
📚 Hardware and SoftwareMind map từ trí nhớ: Linker and loader
📚 Hardware and SoftwareVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: CLI interface
📚 Hardware and SoftwareSpaced Repetition: Dialogue interface
📚 Hardware and SoftwareFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Pressure and humidity sensors
📚 Monitoring and ControlMind map từ trí nhớ: pH and gas sensors
📚 Monitoring and ControlVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Central heating control algorithm
📚 Monitoring and ControlSpaced Repetition: Microprocessor-based control
📚 Monitoring and ControlFlashcard kỹ thuật số: STRING and BOOLEAN types
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsMind map từ trí nhớ: ARRAY declaration and use
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Process and decision symbols
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsSpaced Repetition: Connector and sub-process
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Shoulder surfing and social engineering
📚 eSecurityMind map từ trí nhớ: Trojan horse malware
📚 eSecurityVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Physical security measures
📚 eSecuritySpaced Repetition: Audit trails
📚 eSecurityFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Educational causes
📚 The Digital DivideMind map từ trí nhớ: Age-related causes
📚 The Digital DivideVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: E-government and digital divide
📚 The Digital DivideSpaced Repetition: Developed vs developing countries
📚 The Digital DivideFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Knowledge base component
📚 Expert SystemsMind map từ trí nhớ: Explanation system component
📚 Expert SystemsVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Comparison with human experts
📚 Expert SystemsSpaced Repetition: Rule conflicts
📚 Expert SystemsFlashcard kỹ thuật số: INDEX-MATCH combination
📚 SpreadsheetsMind map từ trí nhớ: COUNTIFS and SUMIFS
📚 SpreadsheetsVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Scatter charts
📚 SpreadsheetsSpaced Repetition: Data validation in spreadsheets
📚 SpreadsheetsFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Goal seek function
📚 ModellingMind map từ trí nhớ: Variables in models
📚 ModellingVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Physics and engineering models
📚 ModellingSpaced Repetition: Model accuracy and assumptions
📚 ModellingFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Referential integrity
📚 Database and File ConceptsMind map từ trí nhớ: UNF to 1NF normalisation
📚 Database and File ConceptsVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Data dictionary
📚 Database and File ConceptsSpaced Repetition: SQL JOIN operations
📚 Database and File ConceptsFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Video codec
📚 Video and Audio EditingMind map từ trí nhớ: Lossy compression for video
📚 Video and Audio EditingVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Green screen / chroma key
📚 Video and Audio EditingSpaced Repetition: Bitrate and file size relationship
📚 Video and Audio EditingFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Central Bank Digital Currency CBDC
📚 IT in SocietyMind map từ trí nhớ: Blockchain technology and distributed ledger
📚 IT in SocietyVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: IT and environment
📚 IT in SocietySpaced Repetition: Privacy and data mining
📚 IT in SocietyFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Virtual Reality VR
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesMind map từ trí nhớ: Robotics applications
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Quantum computing concepts
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesSpaced Repetition: Computer vision
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Router and gateway
📚 Communications TechnologyMind map từ trí nhớ: Bridge and WAP
📚 Communications TechnologyVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Message switching
📚 Communications TechnologySpaced Repetition: Wi-Fi standards
📚 Communications TechnologyFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Project close stage
📚 Project ManagementMind map từ trí nhớ: PERT chart construction
📚 Project ManagementVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Resource allocation
📚 Project ManagementSpaced Repetition: Schedule variance
📚 Project ManagementFlashcard kỹ thuật số: SDLC testing phase
📚 System Life CycleMind map từ trí nhớ: SDLC implementation phase
📚 System Life CycleVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Beta testing
📚 System Life CycleSpaced Repetition: Black-box testing
📚 System Life CycleFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Splitting data columns
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationMind map từ trí nhớ: Merging data sources
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Choosing the right chart type
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationSpaced Repetition: Sparklines
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Fill-in field type
📚 Mail MergeMind map từ trí nhớ: Ask field type
📚 Mail MergeVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Merge to printer
📚 Mail MergeSpaced Repetition: Directory merge type
📚 Mail MergeFlashcard kỹ thuật số: AI and EPS formats
📚 Graphics CreationMind map từ trí nhớ: BMP format
📚 Graphics CreationVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Image resolution PPI/DPI
📚 Graphics CreationSpaced Repetition: Resampling and resizing
📚 Graphics CreationFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Frame rate fps
📚 AnimationMind map từ trí nhớ: Morphing animation
📚 AnimationVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: Easing in animation
📚 AnimationSpaced Repetition: GIF animation
📚 AnimationFlashcard kỹ thuật số: Conditional if/else statements
📚 Programming for the WebMind map từ trí nhớ: switch statement
📚 Programming for the WebVẽ sơ đồ từ trí nhớ: setTimeout function
📚 Programming for the WebSpaced Repetition: Form validation with JavaScript
📚 Programming for the WebKỹ thuật làm bài thi
124Quy tắc 1 điểm = 1 ý riêng biệt
Kỹ thuật làm bài Paper 2 & 4 (Practical)
PEEL Paragraph Method for Paper 3 Discuss Questions
Cambridge Command Words — Know the Difference
Pseudocode Common Mistakes to Avoid
Paper 2 Practical Exam Checklist
SVG Quick Reference for Paper 4
Paper 3 Command Words — Know Your Marks
📖 Command Words in Paper 3
Each command word tells you exactly how to answer — matching your technique earns marks:
| Command Word | What to Do | Typical Marks |
|---|---|---|
| State / Name | Give a fact — no elaboration needed | 1–2 |
| Define | Give a formal definition — usually needs two components | 2 |
| Describe | Say what something is AND how it works | 2–4 |
| Explain | Give reasons — WHY something happens | 3–4 |
| Discuss / Evaluate | BOTH sides + conclusion; use PEEL structure | 6–8 |
| Analyse | Break into parts, explain the role/impact of each | 6–8 |
| Justify | Give reasons WHY a particular choice is the best | 4–6 |
| Complete | Finish a diagram — correct symbols and labelled arrows | 4–6 |
⚠️ For 6–8 mark Discuss/Evaluate questions, ALWAYS include: Benefits, Drawbacks, and a Conclusion sentence. Missing any one caps your mark at Band 2.
PEEL Structure for 6–8 Mark Paper 3 Questions
🔑 PEEL Method — for Discuss, Evaluate, Analyse
- Point — State your argument in one sentence
- Evidence — Named technology, protocol, or specific example
- Explain — WHY it matters / HOW it works in this context
- Link — Connect back to the question scenario
Example (Q: Discuss benefits of VPN):
❌ Weak: "VPNs encrypt data." — max 1 mark
✅ PEEL: "A VPN encrypts all data in transit [P]. Protocols such as L2TP/IPsec wrap packets in an encrypted tunnel [E]. Even if packets are intercepted on public Wi-Fi, the content is unreadable without the decryption key, preventing eavesdropping [E]. This is essential for remote employees accessing confidential corporate servers [L]." — 3–4 mark quality
Structure for 8 marks: 2–3 benefit paragraphs + 2 drawback paragraphs + 1 conclusion sentence.
DFD Questions — How to Score Every Mark
📚 System Life Cycle📊 DFD Completion Strategy
DFD questions (e.g. FM2026 Q9, MJ2025/32 Q5) are typically 5–6 marks. Each mark targets one correct element:
| Element | Symbol | Common Mistakes |
|---|---|---|
| External Entity | Plain rectangle (square corners) | Using rounded corners — that is a Process |
| Process | Rounded-corner rectangle or circle | Not labelling with a verb/action phrase |
| Data Store | Open-ended rectangle (open on right side) | Closing the right end — loses the mark |
| Data Flow | Arrow (→) with a descriptive label | Unlabelled arrows — labels are always required |
Pre-submission checklist:
- ✅ Every arrow has an arrowhead showing direction
- ✅ Every arrow has a label (what data flows)
- ✅ At least one flow goes TO and FROM each data store
- ✅ External entities use plain rectangles only
JavaScript Questions — What Paper 3 Tests Every Year
📚 Programming for the Web💻 JavaScript Topics — Frequently Appearing in Paper 3
| Topic | What Cambridge Asks | Sessions |
|---|---|---|
| Comparison operators (===, !==) | Difference between strict equality and inequality | MJ2025/32 Q9 |
| for vs for…in loops | Difference in use case and how they iterate | ON2024/32 Q1, ON2025/33 Q7 |
| String methods (substring, indexOf) | Trace or predict output of given code | ON2024/33 Q1 |
| Arithmetic operators (++, **, %) | Define and write a code example | MJ2025/31 Q4 |
| HTML events (onclick, onload) | Name events and describe what triggers them | ON2024/32 Q10, ON2025/32 Q10 |
| visibility property | How getElementById().style.visibility works | FM2026/32 Q1 |
| while vs do…while | Key difference (pre-test vs post-test condition) | MJ2024/33 Q1 |
⚠️ Always give a code example — "=== checks value AND type" earns 1 mark; "5 === '5' returns false because one is number and one is string" earns the second mark.
Software Maintenance — 4 Types for 8-Mark Analyse Questions
📚 System Life Cycle🔧 Four Types of Software Maintenance
| Type | Definition | Banking App Example |
|---|---|---|
| Corrective | Fix bugs found after deployment | Fixing a calculation error in interest rates |
| Adaptive | Update for changed environment or regulations | Updating for new iOS version or PCI-DSS compliance rules |
| Perfective | Add new features requested by users | Adding biometric login or cryptocurrency support |
| Preventive | Refactor code to prevent future problems | Rewriting legacy modules to reduce technical debt |
8-mark Analyse technique: Do not just define each type — explain HOW it extends the lifespan. Example: "Without adaptive maintenance, the banking app would become legally non-compliant with new regulations, forcing early retirement and shortening its commercial lifespan dramatically." That causal explanation is the analysis mark.
Static Routing vs Dynamic Routing — Discuss Framework
📚 Communications Technology🔀 Static Routing — Benefits and Drawbacks (FM2026 Q3)
Benefits:
- Predictable and stable paths — admin has full control; no unexpected route changes
- No bandwidth overhead — no routing protocol updates exchanged between routers
- Lower CPU/memory on routers — no complex algorithms running
- More secure — routes not advertised; no route injection attacks possible
- Simple for small networks — easy to configure with few routes
Drawbacks:
- No automatic failover — link failure requires manual reconfiguration → downtime
- Poor scalability — impractical for large networks; every change requires manual updates everywhere
- No load balancing — cannot distribute traffic across multiple paths
Conclusion:
"Static routing suits small, stable networks. For large or frequently changing networks, dynamic protocols (OSPF, BGP) are preferable despite their bandwidth overhead."
Paper 4 Structure — 4 Tasks and How to Approach Each
📋 Paper 4 Overview — 4 Tasks, 90 Marks, 2.5 Hours
| Task | Topic | Marks | Key Software |
|---|---|---|---|
| Task 1 | Database & Spreadsheet (pivot tables, formulas, queries) | 20–25 | LibreOffice Calc / Base / Excel |
| Task 2 | Graphics — Bitmap editing AND/OR Vector drawing | 25–35 | Adobe Photoshop / Illustrator / GIMP |
| Task 3 | Animation — Creating animated GIF | 20–25 | Adobe Animate |
| Task 4 | HTML/JavaScript — Interactive web page | 20–25 | Text editor + browser |
Time strategy:
- Read the whole paper first (5 min) — understand ALL requirements before starting
- Task 1: ~35 min | Task 2: ~40 min | Task 3: ~30 min | Task 4: ~35 min
- Save work every 5 minutes — software crashes lose unmarked work
⚠️ Most common mark losses:
- Wrong file format (JPG instead of PNG, or wrong filename)
- Wrong exact colours (must match hex codes given in paper)
- Missing candidate/centre number in filename
Paper 4 File Naming Convention — Never Lose Format Marks
📁 File Naming Rules — Worth 3–5 Marks Total
Cambridge requires ALL output files named in the format:
FileName_CentreNumber_CandidateNumber.extension
| Task | Example filename | Format |
|---|---|---|
| Task 1 (Database) | F2uF_Accounts_ZZ999_9999 | .odb / .accdb |
| Task 2 (Bitmap) | NightScene_ZZ999_9999.png | .png (ALWAYS) |
| Task 2 (Vector) | Apple_ZZ999_9999.svg | .svg (ALWAYS) |
| Task 3 (Animation) | Bites_ZZ999_9999.gif | .gif (ALWAYS) |
| Task 4 (HTML) | TreeHeight_ZZ999_9999.html | .html |
| Mail Merge doc | F2uFmergedoc_ZZ999_9999.odt | .odt or .docx |
| Mail Merge output | MarchLetters_ZZ999_9999.odt | .odt or .docx |
Rules to never break:
- Task 2 bitmap output = PNG (never JPG — lossy compression loses transparency)
- Task 2 vector output = SVG (never PDF or AI — examiner needs to open and view)
- Task 3 animation output = GIF with loop set to FOREVER
- File name must include task-given base name + your actual centre and candidate numbers
Task 2 Bitmap — Adobe Photoshop Critical Settings
📚 Graphics Creation🎨 Photoshop — Key Settings Cambridge Tests
| What Cambridge Tests | Where to Set It | Common Error |
|---|---|---|
| Layer opacity (e.g. 40%) | Layers panel → Opacity slider | Leaving at 100% — lose mark |
| Blend mode (e.g. Screen) | Layers panel → Blend mode dropdown | Leaving as Normal |
| Content-Aware Fill | Edit → Fill → Content-Aware | Using Clone Stamp only — not quite right |
| Layer name | Double-click layer name to rename | Not renaming — mark often lost |
| Gradient direction | Gradient Tool → drag start to end | Reversed gradient (black at bottom) |
| Canvas Size vs Image Size | Image → Canvas Size (NOT Image Size) | Using Image Size resamples — wrong |
| RGB vs CMYK mode | Image → Mode | Staying in Greyscale after desaturation |
| Outer Glow (halo) | Layer → Layer Style → Outer Glow | Inner Glow instead — wrong effect |
⚠️ Layer order rule (W23 — 3-layer image):
Layers are stacked BOTTOM to TOP: SkyLayer → OceanLayer → CastleLayer. If order is wrong, composited image looks wrong and you lose 4 marks.
Task 2 Vector — Adobe Illustrator Critical Techniques
📚 Graphics Creation✏️ Illustrator — What Cambridge Tests in Vector Tasks
Core techniques (mark each):
| Technique | How to do it | Marks at risk |
|---|---|---|
| Add anchor points | Right-click Pen Tool → Add Anchor Point Tool (+) | 2 marks for adding exactly N nodes |
| Reshape path with Bezier handles | Direct Selection Tool (A) → drag nodes; drag handles for curves | 3 marks for recognisable shape |
| Draw perfect circle | Ellipse Tool (L) + hold SHIFT while dragging | 1 mark — MUST constrain with Shift |
| Radial gradient | Window → Gradient → Type: Radial → set centre & edge colour stops | 4 marks (type + 2 colours + applied) |
| CMYK fill | Window → Color → options → CMYK → enter C, M, Y, K values | 2 marks |
| Hex fill | Double-click Fill swatch → type hex code in # field | 1–2 marks |
| Pathfinder Minus Front (bite) | Select two shapes → Window → Pathfinder → Minus Front | Key technique for bite/cutout shapes |
| Group shapes | Select all → Ctrl+G → rename in Layers panel | 1 mark group + 1 mark correct name |
| Save as SVG | File → Save As → Format: SVG | 2 marks — format AND filename |
Task 3 Animation — Adobe Animate Step-by-Step Strategy
📚 Animation🎬 Adobe Animate — Exam Technique
Setup checklist (marks lost here are easy to avoid):
- ✅ Stage size matches the source file dimensions exactly
- ✅ Frame rate set correctly (usually 25fps — 2 seconds = 50 frames)
- ✅ Stage background colour matches exact hex code given in paper
Layer order (bottom to top always):
Background → Orbit/Path → Objects → Labels/Text
Key techniques tested every session:
| Technique | How to Apply | Shortcut |
|---|---|---|
| Insert Keyframe | Right-click frame → Insert Keyframe | F6 |
| Insert Blank Keyframe | Right-click frame → Insert Blank Keyframe | F7 |
| Extend static frames | Click last frame → Insert Frame | F5 |
| Create Motion Tween | Right-click frame span → Create Motion Tween | — |
| Alpha fade-out | Properties → Color Effect → Style: Alpha → set 0–100% | — |
| Tint colour change | Properties → Color Effect → Style: Tint → pick colour | — |
| Convert to Symbol | Select object → F8 → choose Movie Clip → name it | F8 |
| Orient to Path | Select tween → Properties → Rotation → Orient to path ✓ | — |
Export for GIF loop:
File → Export → Export Movie → Animated GIF → Loop: Forever → set correct resolution → Save with exact filename.
Bitmap vs Vector — Analysis Framework for 8-Mark Questions
📚 Graphics Creation📊 Vector vs Bitmap — Analyse for Website (MJ2026 Q12 — 8 marks)
| Property | Vector (SVG, AI) | Bitmap (JPEG, PNG, GIF) |
|---|---|---|
| Storage method | Mathematical paths and equations | Grid of pixels (colour values per pixel) |
| Scaling | Scales to ANY size losslessly — recalculates mathematically | Pixelates/blurs when enlarged beyond original resolution |
| File size | Small for simple shapes (logos, icons) | Large — proportional to width × height × colour depth |
| Best for | Logos, icons, diagrams, text | Photographs, complex real-world images, gradients |
| Editability | Individual elements/paths editable | Pixel-level editing only |
| Formats | SVG, AI, EPS | JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, TIFF |
| Transparency | Native (SVG supports alpha) | PNG = full; GIF = binary; JPEG = none |
For website analysis (logos/icons = VECTOR; photos = BITMAP):
Logos appear at many sizes (favicon to banner) → vector scales without quality loss → bitmap logos would pixelate when enlarged. Product photos contain millions of colours and gradients → only bitmap can store this level of detail → JPEG achieves good quality at manageable file sizes for web delivery.
Level 3 (7–8 marks): Must analyse BOTH types with specific links to the website context — NOT just describe in isolation.
PEEL cho câu dài: Batch processing
📚 Data Processing and InformationTừ lệnh Cambridge: Online processing
📚 Data Processing and InformationBảng so sánh 2 cột: Real-time processing
📚 Data Processing and InformationKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Format/Length/Lookup checks
📚 Data Processing and InformationPhân tích mark scheme: Visual check and Double entry
📚 Data Processing and InformationPEEL cho câu dài: Anti-virus utility
📚 Hardware and SoftwareTừ lệnh Cambridge: Backup utility
📚 Hardware and SoftwareBảng so sánh 2 cột: Disk defragmentation
📚 Hardware and SoftwareKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Off-the-shelf software
📚 Hardware and SoftwarePhân tích mark scheme: Proprietary vs open-source
📚 Hardware and SoftwarePEEL cho câu dài: Two-point calibration
📚 Monitoring and ControlTừ lệnh Cambridge: Multipoint calibration
📚 Monitoring and ControlBảng so sánh 2 cột: Linear actuators
📚 Monitoring and ControlKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Car park barrier algorithm
📚 Monitoring and ControlPhân tích mark scheme: Greenhouse control system
📚 Monitoring and ControlPEEL cho câu dài: CASE-OF selection
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsTừ lệnh Cambridge: FOR-DO loop
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsBảng so sánh 2 cột: WHILE-DO loop
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Trace tables
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsPhân tích mark scheme: Flowchart start/stop symbols
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsPEEL cho câu dài: Rootkit malware
📚 eSecurityTừ lệnh Cambridge: Ransomware
📚 eSecurityBảng so sánh 2 cột: Botnet/bot malware
📚 eSecurityKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Anti-malware software
📚 eSecurityPhân tích mark scheme: Data encryption for security
📚 eSecurityPEEL cho câu dài: Groups affected by digital divide
📚 The Digital DivideTừ lệnh Cambridge: Digital literacy initiatives
📚 The Digital DivideBảng so sánh 2 cột: Infrastructure investment solutions
📚 The Digital DivideKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Impact on employment
📚 The Digital DividePhân tích mark scheme: Health information access
📚 The Digital DividePEEL cho câu dài: Backward chaining reasoning
📚 Expert SystemsTừ lệnh Cambridge: IF-THEN rules syntax
📚 Expert SystemsBảng so sánh 2 cột: Rule-based knowledge representation
📚 Expert SystemsKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Advantages of expert systems
📚 Expert SystemsPhân tích mark scheme: Limitations of expert systems
📚 Expert SystemsPEEL cho câu dài: Mixed cell referencing
📚 SpreadsheetsTừ lệnh Cambridge: Named ranges
📚 SpreadsheetsBảng so sánh 2 cột: Normal test data
📚 SpreadsheetsKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Line charts
📚 SpreadsheetsPhân tích mark scheme: Pie charts
📚 SpreadsheetsPEEL cho câu dài: Climate/weather simulation
📚 ModellingTừ lệnh Cambridge: Traffic simulation
📚 ModellingBảng so sánh 2 cột: Flight simulators
📚 ModellingKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Scenario planning
📚 ModellingPhân tích mark scheme: Monte Carlo simulation
📚 ModellingPEEL cho câu dài: Sequential file access
📚 Database and File ConceptsTừ lệnh Cambridge: Indexed sequential access
📚 Database and File ConceptsBảng so sánh 2 cột: Direct/random file access
📚 Database and File ConceptsKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: One-to-many relationships
📚 Database and File ConceptsPhân tích mark scheme: Many-to-many relationships
📚 Database and File ConceptsPEEL cho câu dài: Cuts transitions and effects
📚 Video and Audio EditingTừ lệnh Cambridge: Audio sampling rate
📚 Video and Audio EditingBảng so sánh 2 cột: Bit depth for audio
📚 Video and Audio EditingKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Audio normalising
📚 Video and Audio EditingPhân tích mark scheme: Overdubbing technique
📚 Video and Audio EditingPEEL cho câu dài: CRISP-DM stage 3 Data Preparation
📚 IT in SocietyTừ lệnh Cambridge: CRISP-DM stage 4 Modelling
📚 IT in SocietyBảng so sánh 2 cột: CRISP-DM stage 5 Evaluation
📚 IT in SocietyKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: IT in healthcare
📚 IT in SocietyPhân tích mark scheme: Technology Enhanced Learning TEL
📚 IT in SocietyPEEL cho câu dài: IoT system architecture
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesTừ lệnh Cambridge: Blockchain applications
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesBảng so sánh 2 cột: Wearable computing
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Cloud computing evolution
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesPhân tích mark scheme: Edge computing
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesPEEL cho câu dài: HTTP and HTTPS
📚 Communications TechnologyTừ lệnh Cambridge: FTP and SMTP protocols
📚 Communications TechnologyBảng so sánh 2 cột: IMAP and POP3 protocols
📚 Communications TechnologyKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Packet switching
📚 Communications TechnologyPhân tích mark scheme: Circuit switching
📚 Communications TechnologyPEEL cho câu dài: Gantt chart creation
📚 Project ManagementTừ lệnh Cambridge: Work Breakdown Structure WBS
📚 Project ManagementBảng so sánh 2 cột: Risk identification
📚 Project ManagementKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Project stakeholders
📚 Project ManagementPhân tích mark scheme: Project manager roles
📚 Project ManagementPEEL cho câu dài: Agile development methodology
📚 System Life CycleTừ lệnh Cambridge: Iterative development model
📚 System Life CycleBảng so sánh 2 cột: RAD Rapid Application Development
📚 System Life CycleKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Pilot implementation
📚 System Life CyclePhân tích mark scheme: Alpha testing
📚 System Life CyclePEEL cho câu dài: Slicers and filters
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationTừ lệnh Cambridge: XLOOKUP function
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationBảng so sánh 2 cột: INDEX-MATCH advanced use
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Axis labelling best practices
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationPhân tích mark scheme: Data visualisation principles
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationPEEL cho câu dài: Next Record If field
📚 Mail MergeTừ lệnh Cambridge: Mail merge process steps
📚 Mail MergeBảng so sánh 2 cột: Selecting merge records
📚 Mail MergeKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Completing the merge
📚 Mail MergePhân tích mark scheme: Merge to email
📚 Mail MergePEEL cho câu dài: GIF format and animation
📚 Graphics CreationTừ lệnh Cambridge: TIFF format
📚 Graphics CreationBảng so sánh 2 cột: RGB colour model
📚 Graphics CreationKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Lossy compression effects
📚 Graphics CreationPhân tích mark scheme: Lossless compression methods
📚 Graphics CreationPEEL cho câu dài: Stop motion animation
📚 AnimationTừ lệnh Cambridge: Time lapse animation
📚 AnimationBảng so sánh 2 cột: Flip book animation
📚 AnimationKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: Onion skinning
📚 AnimationPhân tích mark scheme: Motion path animation
📚 AnimationPEEL cho câu dài: Arrays in JavaScript
📚 Programming for the WebTừ lệnh Cambridge: Objects in JavaScript
📚 Programming for the WebBảng so sánh 2 cột: DOM manipulation getElementById
📚 Programming for the WebKiểm tra syllabus Cambridge: onchange event handler
📚 Programming for the WebPhân tích mark scheme: onmouseover/onmouseout
📚 Programming for the WebQuản lý thời gian
44Kế hoạch 8 tuần trước kỳ thi
Paper 4 Time Allocation Strategy
Luyện có thời gian: Presence/Range/Type checks
📚 Data Processing and InformationLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Sequential file processing
📚 Data Processing and InformationLuyện có thời gian: Custom-written software
📚 Hardware and SoftwareLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Software licensing
📚 Hardware and SoftwareLuyện có thời gian: Thermal and magnetic actuators
📚 Monitoring and ControlLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Real-time sensor data
📚 Monitoring and ControlLuyện có thời gian: Function definition and return
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Searching and sorting algorithms
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsLuyện có thời gian: Firewalls
📚 eSecurityLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Security policies
📚 eSecurityLuyện có thời gian: Impact on education access
📚 The Digital DivideLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Disability and access
📚 The Digital DivideLuyện có thời gian: Financial advice applications
📚 Expert SystemsLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Expert system vs AI/ML
📚 Expert SystemsLuyện có thời gian: Bar and column charts
📚 SpreadsheetsLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Lookup and reference functions
📚 SpreadsheetsLuyện có thời gian: Model validation
📚 ModellingLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Simulation vs physical prototyping
📚 ModellingLuyện có thời gian: Entity-relationship diagrams
📚 Database and File ConceptsLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Database backup and recovery
📚 Database and File ConceptsLuyện có thời gian: AAC audio format
📚 Video and Audio EditingLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Exporting and encoding video
📚 Video and Audio EditingLuyện có thời gian: IT impact on employment
📚 IT in SocietyLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Digital transformation in business
📚 IT in SocietyLuyện có thời gian: 5G networks
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Ethical issues with emerging tech
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesLuyện có thời gian: TCP/IP model 4 layers
📚 Communications TechnologyLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Static vs dynamic routing
📚 Communications TechnologyLuyện có thời gian: Project milestones
📚 Project ManagementLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Project documentation
📚 Project ManagementLuyện có thời gian: Phased implementation
📚 System Life CycleLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Adaptive and perfective maintenance
📚 System Life CycleLuyện có thời gian: Trend lines in charts
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Data storytelling
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationLuyện có thời gian: Preview merge results
📚 Mail MergeLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Mail merge troubleshooting
📚 Mail MergeLuyện có thời gian: Colour management system CMS
📚 Graphics CreationLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Practical graphics creation in P4
📚 Graphics CreationLuyện có thời gian: 3D animation
📚 AnimationLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Animation for web and presentations
📚 AnimationLuyện có thời gian: onload event handler
📚 Programming for the WebLịch ôn tập cá nhân: Practical JavaScript in P4
📚 Programming for the WebKỹ năng thực hành
21Chú thích hình vẽ: Data quality factors
📚 Data Processing and InformationChú thích hình vẽ: Gesture-based interface
📚 Hardware and SoftwareChú thích hình vẽ: Monitoring vs control systems
📚 Monitoring and ControlChú thích hình vẽ: Nested loops in pseudocode
📚 Algorithms and FlowchartsChú thích hình vẽ: Biometric authentication
📚 eSecurityChú thích hình vẽ: Gender digital divide
📚 The Digital DivideChú thích hình vẽ: Certainty factors in rules
📚 Expert SystemsChú thích hình vẽ: PivotTables overview
📚 SpreadsheetsChú thích hình vẽ: Iterative model refinement
📚 ModellingChú thích hình vẽ: Transaction processing and ACID
📚 Database and File ConceptsChú thích hình vẽ: Video colour depth
📚 Video and Audio EditingChú thích hình vẽ: Big data characteristics
📚 IT in SocietyChú thích hình vẽ: Smart cities
📚 New and Emerging TechnologiesChú thích hình vẽ: Bluetooth technology
📚 Communications TechnologyChú thích hình vẽ: Change management in projects
📚 Project ManagementChú thích hình vẽ: Corrective maintenance
📚 System Life CycleChú thích hình vẽ: Conditional formatting for analysis
📚 Data Analysis and VisualisationChú thích hình vẽ: Nested merge fields
📚 Mail MergeChú thích hình vẽ: Vector vs bitmap comparison
📚 Graphics CreationChú thích hình vẽ: Sprite animation
📚 AnimationChú thích hình vẽ: Event listeners
📚 Programming for the Web🎯 Lời khuyên từ giáo viên Cambridge
Phân biệt rõ: "state" (1 dòng), "describe" (mô tả chi tiết), "explain" (mô tả + lý do). Nhầm lệnh = mất điểm dù biết bài.
Làm quen cả LibreOffice và Office 365. Kiểm tra tên file và định dạng (.xlsx, .accdb, .html) trước khi nộp.
Dùng đúng cú pháp Cambridge: FOR…NEXT, WHILE…ENDWHILE, PROCEDURE/FUNCTION. Không dùng Python/Java syntax.
Thứ tự mệnh đề: SELECT → FROM → WHERE → GROUP BY → HAVING → ORDER BY. Nắm 1NF/2NF/3NF và functional dependency.